Purpose

The Unmanned Aircraft Safety Team (UAST) is an industry-government partnership committed to ensuring the safe operations of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the national airspace system (NAS). The UAST supports the safe integration of UAS by developing data-driven and consensus-based safety enhancements through collaboration among members of the UAS industry. The UAST identified Airspace Awareness and Geo-fencing as one its first three safety enhancements (SE-1), with several underlying intervention strategies. A working group of UAST subject matter experts and stakeholders was formed to develop this first white paper emphasizing the benefits of geo-fencing protections as an out-of-the-box solution to mitigate risk at high-risk airport locations.

This document provides an example of how the UAST is able to leverage industry partnerships and collaboration to develop solutions focused on improving awareness and enhancing safety in the NAS.

Scope‌

The objective of SE-1 Airspace Awareness and Geo-fencing is to reduce the risk of collision with other aircraft or structures by improving airspace awareness (of operators) and geo-fencing capabilities (of systems).

The UAST identified two areas that should be addressed:

1. 1. Education, outreach (and possibly credentialing) centered around airspace authorization.
   2. Enabling technology safety features to help prevent flight into unauthorized airspace. The UAST supports concurrent UAS safety enhancement efforts focusing on individual operators,product manufacturers, and service providers alike. While other industry and government efforts are ongoing that will address the education, outreach, and credentialing aspects of SE-1, this white paper focuses one specific technology – geo-fencing, for industry consideration and system integration.Further, this white paper is limited to one specific recommendation regarding geo-fencing. Other recommendations may follow in the future.The UAST acknowledges that subsequent refinement of concepts proposed in this document or related standards and specifications must be jointly developed by qualified government and industry stakeholders (e.g., FAA, ASTM, RTCA, etc.).

Recommendation‌

The UAST recommends that geo-fencing be implemented on small UAS platforms for high risk locations, namely the FAA-designated primary airports within Class B and Class C airspace. Geo-fencing protection should be provided ‘out-of-the-box’ and can only be overridden by a defined process. Coverage area should be determined based on the performance and geo-fencing capability of the UAS. This recommendation is intended to help prevent inadvertent, careless, or reckless flight in proximity to frequent flights of manned aircraft.

The Unmanned Aviation Safety Team (UAST) advocates the use of Safety Management Systems (SMS) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations because using an SMS is a structured means for individuals and/or organizations to make informed safety risk management decisions. An SMS provides an accountable way to manage safety before a system failure occurs. In addition, an SMS can deliver increased confidence in risk controls through structured safety assurance processes. Finally, the safety promotion framework within an SMS can be used to build and support a sound safety culture.